How Many Photons are Produced in Each Pulse of a Ruby Laser?

What is the equation to calculate the number of photons produced in each pulse of a ruby laser?

Calculation of the Number of Photons Produced in Each Pulse:

Photon Energy Calculation:

Energy of each photon (e) = Planck's constant (h) × Speed of light (c) / Wavelength

Energy of each photon (e) = 6.63 × 10^-34 Js × 3 × 10^8 m/s / 633 × 10^-9 m

Energy of each photon (e) = 3.14 × 10^-19 J

Number of Photons Calculation:

Energy produced per pulse (E) = 0.376 J

Number of photons produced in each pulse = Energy produced per pulse (E) / Energy of each photon (e)

Number of photons produced in each pulse = 0.376 / 3.14 × 10^-19 = 1.2 × 10^18

Power Delivered by the Laser Per Pulse:

Power = Energy / Time

Power = 0.376 J / 1.00 × 10⁻⁹ s

Power = 0.376 × 10^9 J/s = 3.76 × 10^8 watts

The equation to calculate the number of photons produced in each pulse of a ruby laser is N = E / (hc/λ), where N is the number of photons, E is the energy per pulse, h is Planck's constant (6.63 × 10^-34 J·s), c is the speed of light (3.00 × 10^8 m/s), and λ is the wavelength. By substituting the given values into the equation, we can determine that 1.2 × 10^18 photons are produced in each pulse of a ruby laser.